Slavery During The United States - 966 Words

It seems as though slavery has always been etched into our history since the beginning of time. The first recordings of slaves are from the Biblical times. From the Babylonian’s, 18th century BC; to the abolishment of slavery in the United States, 1865; people across the world endured the hardships of slavery. People of all races were enslaved, from the Jews to the African American people. The Jewish people suffered a great deal from the Holocaust, according to, the Detroit News, â€Å"Germany has agreed to pay the Jewish survivors $89 billion in reparations† (Furtherglory.com). While the United States, has made no effort to repay the African American descendants, any reparations. Slavery in American is forever deeply rooted in its history.†¦show more content†¦(infoplease.com). Although this was a step in the right direction, African Americans were still discriminated against, beaten and separated from the whites. Many leaders came about during these times in order to lead the African American people out of racism and to establish equal rights for themselves. Many well-known activists such as W.E.B DuBois, Booker T. Washington, Marcus Garvey and Malcolm X all paved the way for African Americans and their advancement. But it was not until the Civil Rights Movement, led by Martin Luther King, Jr, that made major strides for the African American people. The Civil Rights Movement, â€Å"†¦is the courage and tenacity people showed in their own communities in their determination to attack segregation and exclusion from the political process.† (The African American Odyssey, pg 596.) The Civil Rights focused on peaceful protests, and non-violent acts. The March on Washington held great significance. Many people believe the Civil Rights movement was a success, but there were also some people who believed the Civil Rights failed the African American Community. During the Civil Rights Movement there were many supporters as well as those who opposed the

Mileva Maric and Her Relationship to Albert Einstein and His Work

A 2004 PBS documentary (Einstein’s Wife: The Life of Mileva Maric Einstein) highlighted the role that Albert Einsteins first wife, Mileva Maric, may have played in the development of his theory of relativity, quantum physics, and Brownian motion. He doesnt even mention her in his own stories about his life, however. Was she really the brain behind the scenes, his silent collaborator? Mileva Maric and Albert Einstein’s Relationship and Marriage Mileva Maric, from a wealthy Serbian family,  began studies in science and math at a male prep school and got high grades. She then studied at the university in Zurich and then Zurich Polytechnic, where Albert was a young classmate four years younger than she was. She began failing in her studies after their love affair began and around the time she became pregnant with Albert’s child—a child born before their marriage and which Albert may never have visited.  (It is not known if she died in early childhood as she was ill with scarlet fever around the time Albert and Mileva finally married but may have been put up for adoption.) Albert and Mileva married and had two more children, both sons. Albert went to work at the Federal Office for Intellectual Property, then took a position at the University of Zurich in 1909, returning there in 1912 after a year at Prague. The marriage was full of tensions including, in 1912, an affair that Albert began with his cousin Elsa Loewenthal.  In 1913, Maric had the sons baptized as Christians. The couple separated in 1914, and Maric had custody of the boys. Albert divorced Mileva in 1919 at the end of World War I. By that time, he was living with Elsa and had completed his work on General Relativity. He agreed that any money won from a Nobel Prize would be given to Maric to support their sons.  He quickly married Elsa. Maric’s sister Zorka helped care for the children until she had a series of psychiatric breaks and Mileva’s father died.  When Albert won the Nobel Prize, he sent the prize money to Mileva as he had promised.   Her mother died after Albert fled from Europe and the Nazis; one of her sons and her two grandsons moved to America. The other son required psychiatric care—he was diagnosed with schizophrenia—and Mileva and Albert fought over funding his care.  When she died, Albert Einstein was not even mentioned in her obituary.  Maric is barely mentioned if at all in many books about Albert Einstein. The Arguments for This Collaboration Einstein’s letters show that he thought little of his wife’s hopes and dreams to be a scientist.Letters show that she served as an assistant to her husband in writing his papers.Letters also show that she served as a sounding board, that he talked over his ideas with her and she gave him feedback.In some letters Einstein talked of their collaborating, though in general terms: â€Å"we’ll diligently work on science together† for instance.A friend later reported that in 1905 Mileva had said that she and her husband had finished some important work together.Soviet scientist Abram F. Joffe who saw originals of three of Einstein’s key papers said they were signed Einstein Marity, with Marity being a version of the name Maric.Albert Einstein gave his Nobel Prize award money to Mileva Maric. The Arguments Against Being a sounding board and assistant do not equate to collaborating in the creation of Einstein’s revolutionary theories.There’s no hard evidence for any real contribution on the part of Mileva Maric to the content of Einstein’s theories.The statement to a friend in 1905 may be a later legend.The reference to â€Å"Einstein-Marity† likely reflects a Swiss custom of adding a wife’s name to the husband’s, according to some Einstein scholars, and the only reference that can be located to a reference to this dual name by Joffe is a clear reference to Albert Einstein alone.Mileva Maric never claimed publicly to be a collaborator on Albert Einstein’s work, and never asked for credit.Einstein’s giving his Nobel Prize money to his ex-wife was part of a divorce settlement, and was a way of supporting her and his two sons from their marriage. There’s no indication it was done to acknowledge any contribution she made to his scientif ic work. Conclusion The conclusion, despite the documentary’s original strong claims, seems to be that it’s unlikely that Mileva Maric contributed substantially to Albert Einstein’s work—that she was literally his â€Å"silent collaborator.†Ã‚   However, the contributions that she did make—as an unpaid assistant, helping him while pregnant and her own scientific career was falling apart, possibly with the stress of the difficult relationship and her out-of-wedlock pregnancy—demonstrate the difficulties which were peculiar to women of the time and which made their actual success in the sciences far more of a hurdle than what men with equivalent backgrounds and earlier education had to transcend.

Essay about Existentialists in the Television Show...

Children across the world enjoy the television show Spongebob for its loveable characters and humor. The most prominent of these characters is Spongebob Squarepants, a personified sponge who lives in a pineapple under the sea, in a town called Bikini Bottom. He spends the majority of his time working as a chef at the Krusty Krab, a fast food restaurant run by a greedy crab named Mr. Krabs. Spongebob’s neighbor and co-worker, Squidward Tentacles, has a very cynical view of life, constantly complaining about Spongebob and praising the clarinet and other arts. Across from Spongebob lives his best friend, Patrick Star, a starfish known for little intelligence and extensive sleeping. Most episodes, he and Spongebob act on a new idea which leads†¦show more content†¦Epicureans avoid pain as much as possible, for they believe that since pleasure should rule one’s life, pain would ruin the contentment. Since squirrels do not belong under water, Sandy constantly wears a protective outfit. When her friends taunt her in the episode â€Å"Pressure,† she takes off her helmet, but she soon realizes that importance lies with safety, not seeming normal to her friends (â€Å"Pressure†). Mr. Krabs stores his money under his mattress, as shown in the episode â€Å"The Lost Mattress,† because he does not trust banks to keep his pressure money safe, and he fears the pain of losing it. While both of the aforementioned characters live as content Epicureans, other characters on the show have a less desirable reality. Existentialism also exists in the show in the form of Squidward and Patrick. Existentialists believe that a God does not exist to create meaning for everyone, so one must create one’s own life meaning. Squidward’s purpose lies in playing the clarinet and other art forms like painting and interpretive dance. Spongebob. Patrick also discovers his life’s meaning in the episode â€Å"Big Fat Loser.† He a ttempts to find a purpose by copying Spongebob’s every move, but he soon realizes that what best suits him is sleeping, his favorite activity. Another characteristic of Existentialism is anxiety, for Existentialists cannot often pursue their interests. In the episode â€Å"Squilliam Returns,† Squidward expresses his

Christological Focus of Christian Identity-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Christological Focus of Christian Identity. Answer: Christological focus is the study of Christian divinity and it is mainly concerned about the ontology of the Jesus. These things are recorded in the Canonical Gospel, which is known as the trinity of Christianity, and in the epistles of New Testament, which was written after the Old Testament[1]. The prime consideration in the ontology of Jesus includes his relationship with the God the father, details of his ministry, his teachings and actions, his role in salvation and his persona as a person[2]. Pauls Corinthian plays an important role in this scenario as his central theme included the presence of Christ and his worship as Lord. The foremost contribution made by the apostolic age is the contribution of Paul. According to this, Jesus is referred as Pre-existed lord[3]. The scripts of Paul identify Jesus with the word Lord almost 230 times and expresses that a true Christian will always confess Jesus as the true lord. Furthermore, the identity of Christian is determined with complete surrender to the God or the pre-existing Lord. This Apostle Pauls Doctrine of union with God is very central to the identity of Christians and upon understanding; it provides proper framework for the pastoral ministry[4]. This essay is going to describe the theological formation of Christian identity with reference to its worship, ministry, community and mission. After that, it will discuss the use of Corinthian correspondence in Christian identity and testimony. Later the essay will discuss the epistemological and hermeneutical issue arising in the interface between Pauls Corinthian writings and Christian identity. To understand the identity of Christianity through the lens of theological understanding has a far-reaching implication for the Christian living. It needs proper and complete determination to God, however, the modern churches are only eager to produce instant Christians[5]. The Pauls Doctrines are the scriptures of Christianity and the entire Christianity depends on these scriptures heavily as according to many, it is first one of the Christian trinity and the teachings of Jesus has been mentioned in the Pauline Christianity. The concepts of salvation and resurrection was understood by the Paul correctly which is reflected in his writings. Modern Christian worships, culture, mission and ministry are completely inspired with the Pauline Christianity and the effects are visible evidently. The theological formation of Christian identity is implied by several factors that prove that Christianity is not something, which can be acquired by birth; it can only be acquired through devotion, compassion and love towards the humankind[6]. Christian identity surpasses all natural bonds. The identity of a Christian is not determined by his cast creed, Jewish or Greek origin, gender or state, but the relation of the individual with the church defines it with incorporation of baptism (Gal 3:28). As Jesus said that if someone is worshiping Jesus alone without his brother, sister, wife, father or mother then he cannot be the descendants of Jesus. In Christian identity, people cannot think always about their family or their rights, they have to think about the humankind first, then their church community, their family and finally for the mselves[7]. Hence, the Christian identity is much bigger than that of the individual identity in Christianity. People still follow these sayings of Jesus and their worship skills define that. The cultural influence of Christian identity is evident through their believe in the love of God. The concept of love of God mentioned in the new testament of the Bible and it states that love of God is the ultimate form of the compassion for humankind. People love their family, friends, relatives and other is a limited form of love. This love is not described as the love for god. Patriotism, Filial piety, ethnic pride is different aspects of the human identity and these factors of human aspects need to be comprehended with the love of god. This describes the Christian culture as mentioned by the Jesus in the Bible[8]. Mission and Ministry are different aspects of Christian identity related to the church. According to the writings of Paul, the mission and ministry are the ways to spread the statements of Jesus throughout the world. the Jesus accepted death to remove all the sorrow, and evil of the humankind and demonstrated that each person living on the earth are his descendants and therefore, to make every ethnic background his disciples, the mission and ministry of Jesus was created. The earthy ministry of the God is continued through the missionaries. God wanted to bring every person on the earth closer to him and therefore he send Jesus Christ to send people to the church, which the ministry of god. This ministry has been mentioned in the Pauline Christianity and states that the God loves the way people worship him with unity and shows love towards one another[9]. Furthermore, Ministry also decided about the environment of church and describes that the environment should be spiritual edificati on and in this environment, the disciples are taught, believers are grounded and taught about the Christian practices (Rom. 12:6, 1 Cor. 12:14-31). The Corinthian correspondence of Pauls study is one of the important parts of the new testament of the bible and deals with several central issues, which is related to the Christian identity and Christian faith. Therefore, these facts can help to understand the theological and practical aspects of Christian identity[10]. Corinth was one of the prosperous and major cities back in ancient world and therefore, Paul decided to stay here for 18 months, when he was on his missionary mission and was spreading the sayings of Jesus in the entire world. However, the visit did not go well and circumstances made that painful. Finally, Paul decided to write a painful letter, instead of visiting the place once again. The letter is called as the painful letter where he describes that the Corinth was a place where no one was following rules or looking after each other. This painful ministry has been mentioned in the Pauline Corinthian as Corinthian correspondence[11]. Paul wrote the problems of the churches and their solution through the statements of the Christian Gospel in the Corinthian 1 and in the second part of it, he mentioned about the nature of Pauls new agreement ministry and the grace of giving. These statements affect the Christian identity drastically. From these learnings, it was understood that the ritual is critical for the formation of Christian identity. The people at Corinth were not sure about what they are and from where they belong. The tradition of worship is very important according to the Corinthian correspondence. This sorrowful writings and letter of Paul provide the people of Corinth with an opportunity to boast against those who boast again in the shallow features of persona[12]. In the scriptures, Paul describes two resources by referring to the death and the glory of the ministry of the God. The importance of this correspondence is its effect on the mindset of the people of Corinth at that time. Due to the Painful letter, people of Corinth starte d taking minimal step towards the formation of newer ministry in their churches and changed the way they used to worship Jesus. This way the correspondence of the Corinthian helped the people of Corinth to turn from the Pagan to the full-fledged believer of the God. Epistemological or philosophical issues related to the writings of Paul have been written in languages, which is difficult to understand. This is of very importance, as the task, which has been done by Paul, was very difficult. Greeks had their own literature, way of living, philosophy, tradition, opinion and the Gods. The places Paul visited during his first Corinthian were Rome, Greece, Corinth, Galatia and the people over here were Pagan and not believer to the philosophy of God[13]. Paul helped them to understand the real view and forced them to change the ministry of churches so that they can come closer to the Jesus. For instance, the Greek people believed in death and believed in reincarnation, however, Paul influences them to think appropriately to death as Gain and life as Jesus. The hermeneutical thought of the Pauls writing or the inner meaning of his scriptures that helped to change the mindset of the Greeks are- Actual wisdom is cross-centered. The wisdom is versed five times in the first three verses. The view of wisdom has to be clear to be wise and practice if for the entire life. This wisdom is not related to the humankind; however, it is the wisdom that has been spread by the God himself. The God spread this wisdom[14]. Love of the God was focused in this scriptures and Paul believed that this eternal love stays despite of all the odds happened against the humankind. Further, the writings of Paul demonstrate the wisdom of God as eternal, beneficial, Supernatural, spirit directed and eternal. Pauls epistemology of Christianity and his conflict with the Jerusalem is not much known, however according to the scriptures, Paul never materialized the facts and messages of God to influence people. The modern day Christian identity, their beliefs, their worship pattern and their socializing rituals are the examples of the part of Pauls writing and scriptures. The concept of Love of God due to wh ich, they worship God in a unity, socialite to spread their love to the humankind and think about others before themselves define their hermeneutical view of life and Jesus. Pauls articulate of kerygmatic epistemology matches with the Gospel and the acts that define the source of Jesus ministry and proclamation to the Holy Spirit. Post resurrection appearances of Jesus and its linkage to the community have been mentioned in the New Testament writings[15]. On the other hand. Christian philosophy got inspired from that of the Greek philosophy and the words Paul used in his scriptures cannot be overlooked. These words helped him to spread the talking of God to convert in the Greek speaking gentile words. These words are difficult to understand in the modern world as the present Christian world has become instant Christian and has detached itself completely from the world of Paul and his wisdom. However, the philosophy is still a way to help the dilemma of humankind and affects them pos itively. This way the epistemological view and hermeneutical view of Pauls Corinthian and the Christian identity is linked[16]. In the conclusion, it can be said that in the dominant interpretation of Antioch incident Pauls Christianity has been mentioned as different from that of the peter and Jewish Christianity. The prime source for this development was the New Testament that acts as the foundation of the Christian writing. The Christological Issues that affected the Christianity were Person of Christ, Nativity and the holy name, resurrection and crucifixion and others. In these scriptures, the relationship of God and his son Jesus has been mentioned with the origin of Christianity and its consequent evolution over the centuries. This study had explored the Christian identity and its evolution in correspondence with the ancient ontological evidence available on Jesus Christ, his worship and the beginning of Christianity. The approach of Paul Corinthian to Christianity had been the most popular school of thoughts as it reflects the essence of Christian identity wonderfully. The Pauline school of thought has described Christianity by a religious belief that is not acquired by blood or fate, according to his ideology of Christianity, a Christian identity is incomplete without true spiritual connection with Lord Jesus and his doctrines. In addition, a true connection with lord himself and his believes can only be acquired through complete surrender and devotion. However, as the centuries passed the meaning identity has contorted drastically and has morphed into an extended orthodox community of instant Christians. An in this path of evolution the true essence of Christianity characterized by love and kindness has been compromised somewhere along the only. The only hope for restoring the rightful path for Christianity can only be facilitated though reviving the core believes of Christianity, love, mercy and kindness, so that it can replace the hatred, greed and animosity that rules the mankind in the current time and age. References Kirk, JR Daniel.Jesus Have I Loved, But Paul?: A Narrative Approach to the Problem of Pauline Christianity. Baker Academic, 2012. Baker, Coleman A. "Social identity theory and biblical interpretation."Biblical Theology Bulletin3 (2012): 129-138. Anderson, Paul N., Felix Just, and Tom Thatcher, eds.John, Jesus, and History, Volume 2: Aspects of Historicity in the Fourth Gospel. Vol. 2. Society of Biblical Literature, 2015. Longenecker, Richard N.Paul, Apostle of Liberty. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2015. Klink III, Edward W., and Darian R. Lockett.Understanding biblical theology: A comparison of theory and practice. Zondervan, 2012. McGrath, Alister E.Christian theology: An introduction. John Wiley Sons, 2016. Doohan, Helen.Paul's Vision of Church. Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2016. Banks, Robert J., Bernice M. Ledbetter, and David C. Greenhalgh.Reviewing Leadership (Engaging Culture): A Christian Evaluation of Current Approaches. Baker Academic, 2016. Schreiter, Robert J.Reconciliation: mission and ministry in a changing social order. Orbis Books, 2015. Gardner, Paul Douglas.The Gifts of God and the Authentication of a Christian: An Exegetical Study of 1 Corinthians 8-11: 1. Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2017. Doty, William G.Letters in primitive Christianity. Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2014. Duff, Paul B.Moses in Corinth: the apologetic context of 2 Corinthians 3. Brill, 2015. Chung, Paul S.Hermeneutical Theology and the Imperative of Public Ethics: Confessing Christ in Post-Colonial World Christianity. Vol. 2. Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2013. Petersen, Paul, and Ross Cole, eds.Hermeneutics, Intertextuality and the Contemporary Meaning of Scripture. Vol. 1. ATF Press, 2013. Moser, Paul K. "New Testament Apologetics, Arguments, and the End of Christian Apologetics as We Know It.."Philosophia Christi2 (2015). De Wet, Chris L. "Paul and Christian Identity-Formation in John Chrysostom's Homilies De Laudibus Sancti Pauli Apostoli."Journal of Early Christian History2 (2013): 34-46. D'Costa, Gavin, and Ross Thompson, eds.Buddhist-Christian dual belonging: affirmations, objections, explorations. Taylor Francis, 2017. Han, Kyongkuk.An Investigation of the Potential of Traditional Korean Narrative as a Model of Contextual Preaching for the Korean Protestant Church. Diss. 2014. Henry, John Paul. "Can a narrative approach to Pauls epistles help to enrich scriptural engagement in contemporary ecclesial settings?." (2015). Kirk, JR Daniel.Jesus Have I Loved, But Paul?: A Narrative Approach to the Problem of Pauline Christianity. Baker Academic, 2012. Baker, Coleman A. "Social identity theory and biblical interpretation."Biblical Theology Bulletin42.3 (2012): 129-138. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0146107912452244 Anderson, Paul N., Felix Just, and Tom Thatcher, eds.John, Jesus, and History, Volume 2: Aspects of Historicity in the Fourth Gospel. Vol. 2. Society of Biblical Literature, 2015. Klink III, Edward W., and Darian R. Lockett.Understanding biblical theology: A comparison of theory and practice. Zondervan, 2012. McGrath, Alister E.Christian theology: An introduction. John Wiley Sons, 2016. Doohan, Helen.Paul's Vision of Church. Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2016. Banks, Robert J., Bernice M. Ledbetter, and David C. Greenhalgh.Reviewing Leadership (Engaging Culture): A Christian Evaluation of Current Approaches. Baker Academic, 2016. Schreiter, Robert J.Reconciliation: mission and ministry in a changing social order. Orbis Books, 2015. Gardner, Paul Douglas.The Gifts of God and the Authentication of a Christian: An Exegetical Study of 1 Corinthians 8-11: 1. Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2017. Doty, William G.Letters in primitive Christianity. Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2014. Duff, Paul B.Moses in Corinth: the apologetic context of 2 Corinthians 3. Brill, 2015. Chung, Paul S.Hermeneutical Theology and the Imperative of Public Ethics: Confessing Christ in Post-Colonial World Christianity. Vol. 2. Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2013. Petersen, Paul, and Ross Cole, eds.Hermeneutics, Intertextuality and the Contemporary Meaning of Scripture. Vol. 1. ATF Press, 2013. Moser, Paul K. "New Testament Apologetics, Arguments, and the End of Christian Apologetics as We Know It.."Philosophia Christi17.2 (2015) De Wet, Chris L. "Paul and Christian Identity-Formation in John Chrysostom's Homilies De Laudibus Sancti Pauli Apostoli."Journal of Early Christian History3.2 (2013): 34-46.